SEMICONDUCTOR

ANSWER WRITING & VOCABULARY – PART 1

SECTION A: IMPORTANT SPELLINGS (NO MISTAKES ALLOWED)

1. Basic Terms

2. Energy Band Theory

3. Types of Semiconductors

4. Doping Materials

5. PN Junction & Diode

SECTION B: BOARD-READY DEFINITIONS (WRITE AS IT IS)

Semiconductor: A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Intrinsic Semiconductor: An intrinsic semiconductor is a pure semiconductor in which the number of electrons is equal to the number of holes.
Extrinsic Semiconductor: An extrinsic semiconductor is a semiconductor whose conductivity is increased by adding a suitable impurity.
Doping: Doping is the process of adding a small amount of suitable impurity to a pure semiconductor to increase its conductivity.
P-type Semiconductor: A p-type semiconductor is obtained by doping a pure semiconductor with a trivalent impurity.
N-type Semiconductor: An n-type semiconductor is obtained by doping a pure semiconductor with a pentavalent impurity.
PN Junction: A PN junction is formed when a p-type semiconductor is joined with an n-type semiconductor.
Depletion Region: The depletion region is the region around the PN junction that is depleted of free charge carriers.
Forward Bias: A PN junction is forward biased when the p-side is connected to the positive terminal and the n-side to the negative terminal of the battery.
Reverse Bias: A PN junction is reverse biased when the p-side is connected to the negative terminal and the n-side to the positive terminal of the battery.

SECTION C: GRAMMATICAL WORDS & SENTENCE STARTERS

Starting Lines

Linking Words

Cause–Effect Words

SECTION D: HIGH-SCORING ANSWER FORMAT

  1. Definition (1 line)
  2. Explanation (2–3 lines)
  3. Diagram / Formula (if required)
  4. Conclusion line

SECTION E: COMMON WRONG → CORRECT SENTENCES

❌ Doping increase conductivity.

✅ Doping increases the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor.

❌ Hole move opposite direction.

✅ Holes move in a direction opposite to that of electrons.

❌ Zener diode used voltage.

✅ A Zener diode is used for voltage regulation.

❌ PN junction make depletion layer.

✅ A PN junction forms a depletion region.

❌ Intrinsic semiconductor have no impurity.

✅ An intrinsic semiconductor does not contain any impurity.

❌ Extrinsic semiconductor increase conductivity by impurity.

✅ An extrinsic semiconductor has increased conductivity due to the addition of a suitable impurity.

❌ P-type semiconductor have more electron.

✅ A p-type semiconductor has holes as the majority charge carriers.

❌ N-type semiconductor contain hole majority.

✅ An n-type semiconductor contains electrons as the majority charge carriers.

❌ Depletion region have no charge.

✅ The depletion region does not have free charge carriers.

❌ Forward bias decrease resistance.

✅ Forward bias decreases the resistance of a PN junction diode.

❌ Reverse bias allow current.

✅ Reverse bias does not allow significant current to flow through the diode.

❌ Energy gap small in insulator.

✅ The energy gap is very large in an insulator.

❌ Conductivity increase with temperature in conductor.

✅ Conductivity decreases with increase in temperature in a conductor, whereas it increases in a semiconductor.

❌ Majority carrier responsible current.

✅ Majority charge carriers are responsible for current flow in a semiconductor.

SECTION F: EXAMINER-FAVOURITE KEY PHRASES

FINAL STUDENT CHECKLIST