~4.5 – 5.5 years
- Better self-expression and logical thinking begins.
- Wants independence: “I can do it myself”.
- Peer interaction matters; enjoys cooperative play.
Imaginative & purposeful
- Enjoys stories, role-play, and “why” questions.
- Ready for step-by-step tasks and simple rules.
- Confidence grows with responsibility and praise.
What to avoid
- Heavy academics & long homework sessions.
- Skipping phonics; relying only on rote spelling.
- Reducing physical play (hurts focus and growth).
Tip: Blend academics with movement—counting jumps, word hunts, “shopkeeper” role play for money concepts.
Structured play + early academics
- Literacy: phonics with blending, CVC words, picture talk.
- Math: numbers 1–100, number bonds, hands-on addition/subtraction.
- EVS & GK: seasons, animals, community helpers.
- Creative & Speaking: show-and-tell, drawing, music & rhythm.
Praise effort, give choices, and keep instructions short with clear demonstrations.
- Recognizes letters & common sounds; reads simple words.
- Writes name and short words with correct pencil grip.
- Understands 1–100; can add/subtract within 10 with objects.
- Daily 10–15 min read-aloud & talk about pictures.
- Board games for counting/turn-taking; outdoor play daily.
- Encourage helping at home (lay the table, tidy toys).