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📚 CBSE BOARD 2025–26

Class 10 Science – Important Questions,
PYQs & NCERT Solutions

Chapter-wise PDF downloads, previous year question papers with answers, key facts to remember, and answer writing practice — all free!

✅ Important Questions 📄 Previous Year Papers 📖 NCERT Solutions 💡 Key Facts ✍️ Answer Writing Practice
Home › Study Material › Class 10 Science
⚠️ How to use: Click any chapter below → Download PDFs → Practice answer writing → Learn key facts. New chapters added regularly!

🧪 Chemistry Chapters

Class 10 NCERT Science – Chemistry | Important Questions, PYQs & Solutions PDF

Updated
1

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Balancing equations, types of reactions, oxidation-reduction

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • A chemical equation is balanced using the law of conservation of mass.
  • Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement, Redox reactions.
  • Corrosion = slow oxidation of metals (iron rusting, silver tarnishing).
  • Rancidity = oxidation of fat/oil causing bad smell; prevented by antioxidants or inert gas.
  • OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons).

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 1

NCERT Solutions – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Important Q&A • Ch 1
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
Radicals & Their Valency
Important Q&A • Ch 1
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
Types of Reactions – Revision
Important Q&A • Ch 1
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
Water of Crystallization
Important Q&A • Ch 1
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
Colour Change in Reactions
Important Q&A • Ch 1
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
🌐 CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
2

Acids, Bases and Salts

pH scale, properties, everyday compounds like baking soda, bleaching powder

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • pH < 7 = Acidic, pH = 7 = Neutral, pH > 7 = Basic/Alkaline.
  • Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralisation reaction).
  • Baking Soda = NaHCO₃ | Washing Soda = Na₂CO₃·10H₂O | Bleaching Powder = Ca(OCl)Cl.
  • Plaster of Paris = CaSO₄·½H₂O (sets hard on adding water).
  • Indicators: Litmus, Phenolphthalein, Methyl Orange used to test acid/base.
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks Start Answer Practice

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions – Acids, Bases and Salts
Important Q&A • Ch 2
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
Updated
3

Metals and Non-metals

Reactivity series, metal extraction, corrosion, alloys

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Most reactive metal: Potassium (K). Least: Gold (Au). Reactivity series: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au.
  • Thermite reaction: Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe + Heat (used in welding).
  • Alloys: Brass (Cu+Zn), Bronze (Cu+Sn), Solder (Pb+Sn).
  • Galvanisation = coating iron with zinc to prevent rust.
  • Non-metals like Carbon (graphite) can conduct electricity.

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 3

NCERT Solutions – Metals and Non-metals
Important Q&A • Ch 3
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
4

Carbon and Its Compounds

Covalent bonding, hydrocarbons, ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps & detergents

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Carbon shows covalency = 4. It forms long chains due to catenation.
  • Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂) — single bonds only.
  • Unsaturated: Alkenes (double bond), Alkynes (triple bond).
  • Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) = common alcohol; denatured with methanol to prevent drinking.
  • Saponification = making soap from fat + NaOH (alkali).
  • Soaps work in soft water; detergents work in both hard and soft water.

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 4

NCERT Solutions – Carbon and Its Compounds
Important Q&A • Ch 4
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
✍️ 2024 Question Paper Solution - Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
5

Chemistry Revision (All Chapters)

Practice important and mixed questions from all four Class 10 Chemistry chapters in one place. Perfect for quick revision and board exam preparation.

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⭐ What You'll Get

  • Important questions from all four chemistry chapters.
  • Mixed board-style questions for revision and self-assessment.
  • Questions based on previous CBSE exam patterns.
  • 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks and 4 Marks questions with explanations.
  • Ideal for last-minute revision and exam practice.

📄 Download PDFs – All Chapters

Important Questions – All Chapters (Chemistry)
Important Q&A • All Chapters
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ Set - 1 -Mixed Important Questions from All Chemistry Chapters with Detailed Explanations 📖 Set - 1

🌿 Biology Chapters

Class 10 NCERT Science – Biology | Important Questions, PYQs & Solutions PDF

5

Life Processes

Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in presence of sunlight & chlorophyll).
  • Aerobic respiration releases 38 ATP; Anaerobic releases only 2 ATP per glucose.
  • Human heart has 4 chambers; pumps ~72 times/minute at rest.
  • Kidney filters blood; functional unit = Nephron. Dialysis replaces kidney function.
  • Plants excrete: CO₂ (respiration), O₂ (photosynthesis), excess water (transpiration).
✍️ Diagram-based questions are common here. Practice labelled diagrams! Start Answer Practice

📄 PDFs – Coming Soon

🚀 PDFs for Chapter 5 uploading soon! Stay tuned.
🌐 Online NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 – coming soon! 📖 View Online
6

Control and Coordination

Nervous system, hormones, reflex action, plant movements

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Neuron = structural and functional unit of nervous system.
  • Reflex arc: Receptor → Sensory nerve → Spinal cord → Motor nerve → Effector.
  • Human brain: Cerebrum (thinking), Cerebellum (balance), Medulla (involuntary actions).
  • Endocrine glands: Pituitary (master gland), Thyroid (thyroxin), Pancreas (insulin).
  • Phototropism = plant bends toward light; Geotropism = roots grow toward gravity.

📄 PDFs – Coming Soon

🚀 PDFs for Chapter 6 uploading soon!
🌐 Online NCERT Solutions for Chapter 6 – coming soon! 📖 View Online
7

How Do Organisms Reproduce?

Asexual & sexual reproduction, human reproductive system, contraception

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Asexual reproduction: Fission (Amoeba), Budding (Hydra, Yeast), Spore formation (Bread mould).
  • Vegetative propagation = new plant from part of plant (e.g. potato, rose, Bryophyllum).
  • Pollination: Self-pollination (same flower), Cross-pollination (different flowers).
  • Fertilization in humans: Sperm + Egg → Zygote → Embryo → Foetus.
  • DNA copying is essential in reproduction to maintain species characteristics.

📄 PDFs – Coming Soon

🚀 PDFs for Chapter 7 uploading soon!
🌐 Online NCERT Solutions for Chapter 7 – coming soon! 📖 View Online
8

Heredity and Evolution

Mendel's laws, genetics, inherited traits, Darwin's theory

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Gregor Mendel = "Father of Genetics"; experimented on pea plants.
  • Law of Segregation: In F2, ratio is 3 Dominant : 1 Recessive.
  • Sex determination: XX = Female, XY = Male. Father determines child's sex.
  • Evolution = gradual change in species over many generations.
  • Homologous organs: same structure, different function (e.g. human hand & whale flipper).

📄 PDFs – Coming Soon

🚀 PDFs for Chapter 8 uploading soon!
🌐 Online NCERT Solutions for Chapter 8 – coming soon! 📖 View Online

⚡ Physics Chapters

Class 10 NCERT Science – Physics | Important Questions, PYQs & Solutions PDF

Updated
9

Light – Reflection and Refraction

Laws of reflection/refraction, mirrors, lenses, image formation

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u. Magnification m = -v/u.
  • Concave mirror: used in torches, car headlights, shaving mirrors.
  • Convex mirror: used as rear-view mirror (wider field of view, always virtual image).
  • Snell's Law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂ (law of refraction).
  • Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u. Power P = 1/f (in metres); unit = Dioptre (D).

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 9

NCERT Solutions – Light: Reflection and Refraction
Important Q&A • Ch 9
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
10

The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Vision defects, rainbow, atmospheric refraction, scattering of light

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Myopia (short-sight): distant objects blurry → corrected by concave lens.
  • Hypermetropia (long-sight): near objects blurry → corrected by convex lens.
  • Power of accommodation = eye's ability to adjust focal length.
  • Sky is blue due to scattering of light (Rayleigh scattering – shorter wavelengths scatter more).
  • Sunset appears red because blue light is scattered away; red has longest wavelength.

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 10

NCERT Solutions – The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Important Q&A • Ch 10
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
11

Electricity

Current, voltage, Ohm's law, resistance, power, series & parallel circuits

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance).
  • Series: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ | Same current through all.
  • Parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ | Same voltage across all.
  • Power P = VI = I²R = V²/R. Unit = Watt (W).
  • 1 kWh = 1 Unit of electricity = 3.6 × 10⁶ J.

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 11

NCERT Solutions – Electricity
Important Q&A • Ch 11
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks
Electric Current, Potential Difference & Ohm's Law
 📖 Start Answer Practice
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice
Updated
12

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Magnetic fields, motors, generators, Fleming's rules

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Right-hand thumb rule: Thumb → direction of current; fingers → direction of magnetic field.
  • Fleming's Left-Hand Rule: Motor effect (F, B, I direction).
  • Fleming's Right-Hand Rule: Generator/induced current direction.
  • Electric motor: converts electrical energy → mechanical energy.
  • Generator (dynamo): converts mechanical energy → electrical energy.
  • AC changes direction 50 times/second (frequency = 50 Hz in India).

📄 Download PDFs – Chapter 12

NCERT Solutions – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Important Q&A • Ch 12
⬇ Download PDF 👁 View Online
✍️ CBSE Board-Style Questions with Detailed Explanations — 1 Mark, 2 Marks, 3 Marks & 4 Marks 📖 Start Answer Practice

🌍 Environment Chapter

Class 10 NCERT Science – Environment | Important Questions, PYQs & Solutions PDF

13

Our Environment

Food chains, ecosystems, biodegradable waste, ozone layer, human impact

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⭐ Key Facts to Remember

  • Ecosystem = all living organisms + non-living things in an area interacting together.
  • Producers → Primary Consumers → Secondary → Tertiary (food chain).
  • Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level (10% law by Lindemann).
  • Biodegradable: paper, food, cotton. Non-biodegradable: plastic, DDT, glass.
  • Ozone layer (O₃) absorbs harmful UV rays. CFCs deplete the ozone layer.
  • Biological magnification: concentration of harmful chemicals increases at higher trophic levels.
✍️ Practice 5-mark answers on food chains and ozone depletion! Start Answer Practice

📄 PDFs – Coming Soon

🚀 PDFs for Chapter 13 uploading soon!
🌐 Online NCERT Solutions for Chapter 13 – coming soon! 📖 View Online

Kisi bhi keyword par click karein uska use dekhne ke liye:

through
Kisi medium se flow ya movement describe karne ke liye use hota hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Current flows through a metal wire due to the movement of free electrons.
Light passes through a glass slab and bends at the boundaries.
Blood flows through arteries and veins in the human body.
turn
Ek form se doosre form mein convert hone par use hota hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Electric energy turns into heat energy in a resistance wire.
Green plants turn CO₂ and water into glucose during photosynthesis.
The coil turns in a magnetic field to generate electricity.
between
Do cheezon ke beech ki position ya relationship batane ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
A potential difference exists between the two terminals of a cell.
Friction acts between two surfaces in contact.
The distance between the object and mirror affects the image.
move
Particles, charges ya objects ki motion describe karne ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
Free electrons move from the negative to the positive terminal.
Molecules move faster when temperature increases.
Tectonic plates move slowly over the mantle.
due to
Kisi cheez ka karan ya reason batane ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
A wire heats up due to the resistance it offers to current.
Acid rain occurs due to oxides of sulphur reacting with water.
The image is blurred due to scattering of light.
results in
Kisi process ka consequence ya effect batane ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
Combining hydrogen and oxygen results in the formation of water.
Overuse of fossil fuels results in air pollution.
Deficiency of iodine results in goitre.
causes
Koi cheez kya paida karti hai ya kya effect laati hai, batane ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
Resistance in a conductor causes a drop in voltage.
Ozone layer depletion causes UV rays to reach Earth.
Excess glucose in blood causes diabetes.
allow
Jab koi cheez kisi process ko hone deti hai ya permit karti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Conductors allow electric current to pass through them easily.
Stomata allow the exchange of gases in leaves.
The lens of the eye allows light to focus on the retina.
prevent
Jab koi cheez kisi process ko rokti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Insulating coating on a wire prevents electric shocks.
The ozone layer prevents harmful UV rays from reaching Earth.
Vaccination prevents the body from being infected by a pathogen.
depends on
Jab ek cheez ka result doosri cheez par nirbhar karta hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Resistance of a wire depends on its length, area, and material.
Speed of sound depends on the medium through which it travels.
Rate of reaction depends on temperature and concentration.
converts
Energy ya matter ek form se doosre mein badalta hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
A solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy.
Chlorophyll converts light energy into chemical energy.
increases
Jab koi quantity badi ya zyada hoti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Resistance increases when the length of a conductor increases.
Rate of evaporation increases with temperature.
Blood pressure increases during physical activity.
decreases
Jab koi quantity chhoti ya kam hoti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Resistance decreases when cross-sectional area of wire increases.
Focal length decreases as curvature of convex lens increases.
Biodiversity decreases due to deforestation.
releases
Jab energy ya koi substance kisi process mein bahar aata hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Combustion of fuel releases heat and light energy.
Respiration releases energy stored in glucose molecules.
Radioactive substances release alpha, beta, and gamma radiations.
absorbs
Jab koi cheez energy, light ya substance leta hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Dark surfaces absorb more heat radiation than light surfaces.
Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
The atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation emitted by Earth.
acts as
Jab koi cheez kisi specific role mein kaam karti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
A fuse acts as a safety device in an electric circuit.
The lens of the eye acts as a convex lens to focus light.
Enzymes act as biological catalysts in digestion.
therefore
Conclusion ya logical result introduce karne ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
The wire has high resistance; therefore, it heats up when current flows.
The image is virtual; therefore, it cannot be obtained on a screen.
The reaction releases heat; therefore, it is exothermic.
however
Contrast ya exception introduce karne ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
Metals are good conductors; however, nichrome has high resistance.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen; however, it only occurs in light.
The eye can adjust focus; however, defects like myopia reduce this.
whereas
Do opposite cheezon ko compare aur contrast karne ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
A convex lens converges light, whereas a concave lens diverges it.
Aerobic respiration releases more energy, whereas anaerobic releases less.
Acids turn blue litmus red, whereas bases turn red litmus blue.
leads to
Jab ek event ya condition doosri cheez ko janm deti hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
Overloading a circuit leads to overheating and can cause a fire.
Deforestation leads to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.
Deficiency of haemoglobin leads to anaemia.
in order to
Kisi action ka purpose ya goal explain karne ke liye.
Class 10 Science Examples
Neurons send signals in order to communicate across the body.
Plants open stomata in order to allow gas exchange.
A transformer is used in order to step up or step down voltage.
when
Wo condition batane ke liye jiske hone par kuch hota hai.
Class 10 Science Examples
When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a force.
When light travels from denser to rarer medium, it bends away from normal.
When an acid reacts with a base, a salt and water are formed.
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📋 How to Use This Page

1

Choose Your Chapter

Click a subject tab and expand the chapter you want to study.

2

Read Key Facts

Memorize the golden facts — these appear most often in board exams.

3

Download PDFs

Get important questions with solutions and previous year papers.

4

Practice Answer Writing

Weak students: use the answer practice section to write structured answers.